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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
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Renal Embolization: Current Recommendations and Rationale for Clinical Practice.

Raja S Ramaswamy1, Olaguoke Akinwande2, Tatulya Tiwari3

  • 1Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, CB 8131, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. ramaswamyr@wustl.edu.

Current Urology Reports
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Summary

Renal embolization (RE) is a minimally invasive procedure for urologic conditions like tumors and trauma. This review covers RE indications, techniques, and complications, highlighting its versatility and the need for multidisciplinary care.

Keywords:
AngiomyolipomaRenal arteryRenal cell carcinomaRenal embolizationRenal trauma

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Urology
  • Endovascular Procedures

Background:

  • Renal embolization (RE) is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure.
  • It is performed by interventional radiology to treat various urologic conditions.
  • Indications include malignant renal tumors, angiomyolipomas, renal trauma, and post-biopsy complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications for renal embolization.
  • To examine the techniques used in renal embolization.
  • To discuss potential complications associated with renal embolization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on renal embolization.
  • Analysis of current practices and outcomes.
  • Examination of multidisciplinary approaches.

Main Results:

  • Renal embolization is a versatile therapeutic tool for acute and chronic urologic conditions.
  • RE is a first-line therapy for lower-grade renal trauma and increasingly used for higher-grade injuries.
  • Chemoembolization for renal cell carcinoma is under evaluation; a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Renal embolization is effective for a range of urologic conditions.
  • Careful preprocedural planning and complication monitoring are crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Collaboration between urology and interventional radiology is essential for patient care.