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How does buoyancy affect performance during a 200m maximum front crawl swim?

Stelios G Psycharakis1, Toshimasa Yanai2

  • 1a Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|February 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Buoyant torque, a rotational effect of buoyancy, was higher in the first 50m of front crawl swimming. This force impacts leg position and head orientation during maximal effort swims.

Keywords:
Biomechanicsflotationswimmingthree-dimensional videographytorque

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Buoyancy significantly influences body position in swimming.
  • Understanding rotational forces is key to optimizing front crawl technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate buoyant torque during a 200m front crawl maximal swim.
  • To analyze the relationship between buoyant torque and stroke cycle parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven elite male swimmers participated.
  • Buoyant torque was measured using underwater cameras during a 200m maximal front crawl.
  • Variables analyzed included swimming velocity, buoyant force, buoyant torque, and stroke cycle times.

Main Results:

  • Average buoyant torque was higher in the first 50m (14.2 ± 4.5 Nm) compared to subsequent 150m (9.3–10.9 ± 4.1–4.5 Nm).
  • Buoyant torque consistently acted to raise the legs and lower the head.
  • Periods where buoyant torque sank the legs increased in duration during the latter 150m of the race.

Conclusions:

  • Buoyant torque magnitude is influenced by arm recovery duration within the stroke cycle.
  • Elite swimmers experience variations in buoyant torque that affect body roll, particularly during specific phases of the arm recovery.