Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Through Advanced Robotic and Neuromodulation Technologies
Published on: October 11, 2024
Development of an item list to assess bilateral upper extremity function of stroke patients with hemiplegia
1Department of Occupational Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.
Background:
Although there is a myriad of unilateral assessments for stroke survivors, few address bilateral function, which is critical for many daily living tasks.
Objective:
To develop an activities of daily living list of tasks requiring bilateral upper extremity function for use when assessing patients with stroke.
Method:
A list of 938 items was generated based on a literature review, opinions of occupational therapists and patients with stroke. A panel of professional experts then validated that the items were bilateral and functional. Similar items were then combined and duplicates eliminated.
Results:
The list was reduced to 69 items and 40 items were selected based on the content validity index. Based on the bilateral function, importance, expansion, and deletion criteria, the expert panel selected 27 items that best represented bilateral activities of daily living.
Conclusions:
A final list of 27 activities of daily living requiring bilateral function was generated and validated. Future work will focus on development of a tool to assess bilateral upper extremity function of patients with stroke.
Related Concept Videos
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function
Absolute and Local Extreme Values
Arteries of the Upper Limbs
Veins of Upper Limbs
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...

