Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
Published on: December 17, 2010
Superior Pituitary Border Analysis in Immunotherapy-Induced Hypophysitis
Darko Pucar1, Anne Marie Boustani, Richard A Bronen
1From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Abstract:
Immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis presents with headache, fatigue, and visual disturbances. The diagnosis is supported by imaging findings of pituitary swelling, enhancement, and hypermetabolism and established by low levels of pituitary hormones. A 64-year-old man with metastatic melanoma on nivolumab presented with a severe headache, initially attributed to sinus disease. Contrast CT was interpreted as minor sinus disease and no pituitary abnormality. Hypophysitis was eventually diagnosed and successfully treated based on PET and laboratory findings. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated abnormal convex superior pituitary border visible on contrast and noncontrast CT and PET. This feature may aid diagnosis in the challenging cases.
Related Concept Videos
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
Tumor Immunotherapy
The Pituitary Gland
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Induced-fit Model
Enzymes exhibit substrate specificity, meaning that they can only bind to certain substrates. This is mainly determined by the shape and chemical...

