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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Superior Pituitary Border Analysis in Immunotherapy-Induced Hypophysitis.

Darko Pucar¹, Anne Marie Boustani, Richard A Bronen

¹From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine

|February 6, 2018

Summary

Immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis, a side effect of cancer treatments like nivolumab, can cause severe headaches. A specific CT finding, an abnormal convex superior pituitary border, may help diagnose this condition.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Endocrinology
Radiology

Background:

Immunotherapy, particularly with checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab, can cause hypophysitis, an inflammation of the pituitary gland.
Symptoms include headache, fatigue, and visual disturbances, often mimicking other conditions.
Diagnosis relies on hormonal evaluation and imaging, but can be challenging.

Observation:

A 64-year-old man with metastatic melanoma on nivolumab presented with severe headache.
Initial contrast CT scan showed only minor sinus disease, with no apparent pituitary abnormality.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and laboratory findings confirmed hypophysitis.

Findings:

Retrospective analysis revealed an abnormal convex superior pituitary border on CT (contrast and noncontrast) and PET scans.
This specific imaging feature was associated with immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis.
This finding can aid in diagnosing challenging cases.

Implications:

The abnormal convex superior pituitary border is a potential imaging biomarker for immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis.
Early and accurate diagnosis can lead to timely treatment and improved patient outcomes.
This finding may improve the diagnostic accuracy of CT and PET in patients receiving immunotherapy.