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TFL1-Like Proteins in Rice Antagonize Rice FT-Like Protein in Inflorescence Development by Competition for Complex

Miho Kaneko-Suzuki1,2, Rie Kurihara-Ishikawa1, Chiaki Okushita-Terakawa1

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Rice RICE CENTRORADIALIS (RCN) proteins antagonize flowering by competing with the florigen Hd3a for 14-3-3 binding. This interaction regulates inflorescence development and the balance between flowering and repression.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Plant Physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Flowering is regulated by florigen FT and anti-florigen TFL1 proteins.
  • The molecular mechanisms of TFL1's floral repression are not fully understood.
  • Hd3a (rice FT) and OsFD1 form a complex to induce flowering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which rice TFL1-like proteins (RCN) repress flowering.
  • To investigate the interaction between RCN proteins and the florigen activation complex (FAC).

Main Methods:

  • Investigated RCN gene expression patterns.
  • Analyzed RCN protein transport and localization.
  • Examined the role of 14-3-3 binding in RCN's antagonistic function.

Main Results:

  • RICE CENTRORADIALIS (RCN) proteins compete with Hd3a for 14-3-3 binding.
  • RCN genes are primarily expressed in the vasculature.
  • RCN proteins are transported to the shoot apex, antagonizing Hd3a activity and influencing inflorescence architecture.

Conclusions:

  • RCN proteins act as anti-florigen by disrupting the Hd3a-14-3-3-OsFD1 complex.
  • The 14-3-3 binding activity of RCN is crucial for its floral repression function.
  • This study reveals a molecular basis for balancing florigen and anti-florigen activity in rice.