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Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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A smart simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of binary mixtures.

Eman S Elzanfaly1, Ahmed S Saad1, Abd Elaziz B Abd Elaleem1

  • 1Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel spectrophotometric method simplifies simultaneous drug analysis in mixtures. This ratio difference method accurately determines brimonidine and timolol without prior separation, aiding quality control.

Keywords:
Binary mixturesBrimonidineRatio differenceSpectrophotometryTimolol

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectrophotometry
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

  • Simultaneous determination of drugs with overlapping spectra presents analytical challenges.
  • Existing methods often require complex separation steps, increasing time and cost.
  • Accurate quantification is crucial for pharmaceutical quality control and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, accurate spectrophotometric method for simultaneous drug determination in binary mixtures.
  • To overcome spectral interferences without the need for prior drug separation.
  • To validate the proposed method for pharmaceutical applications.

Main Methods:

  • A modified ratio subtraction technique, termed the ratio difference method, was employed.
  • Spectrophotometric analysis was performed on laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Method validation was conducted following United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines.

Main Results:

  • The ratio difference method successfully determined brimonidine and timolol in binary mixtures.
  • Mean percentage recoveries for laboratory-prepared mixtures were 100.40±2.29% (brimonidine) and 101.23±1.30% (timolol).
  • Mean percentage recoveries in pharmaceutical formulations were 101.08±0.44% (brimonidine) and 100.66±0.52% (timolol).

Conclusions:

  • The developed ratio difference method is effective for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of drugs with interfering spectra.
  • The method offers a wider range of application compared to the original ratio subtraction technique.
  • The validated method is suitable for routine quality control testing of pharmaceutical products.