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Allergic Respiratory Inflammation and Remodeling.

Kawa A M Amin1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Clinical Chemistry and Asthma Research Centre, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

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|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores respiratory inflammation in asthma and rhinitis, highlighting the dual role of immune cells like mast cells and eosinophils in both disease pathogenesis and host defense. Understanding these complex interactions is key to developing targeted therapies for airway diseases.

Keywords:
Respiratory tractallergyasthmainflammatory cellsremodelingrhinitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Asthma and rhinitis are common inflammatory respiratory diseases.
  • Chronic inflammation involves immune cells like mast cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes, extending beyond respiratory tissues.
  • These cells, activated via IgE FcɛRI receptors, release mediators causing typical asthma and rhinitis symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation and remodeling in allergic and non-allergic asthma and rhinitis.
  • To understand the role of immune cells in host defense and disease pathogenesis.
  • To explore the impact of respiratory processes on laryngeal inflammation, remodeling, function, and symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on adaptive and innate immune system responses in respiratory inflammation.
  • Examination of histological methods for studying leukocyte and receptor expression patterns.
  • Analysis of immunopathological mechanisms in distinct forms of asthma, rhinitis, and COPD.

Main Results:

  • Immune cells like mast cells and eosinophils play crucial roles in both allergic reactions and host defense.
  • Inflammation and remodeling link upper and lower airways in respiratory diseases.
  • Distinct immunopathological mechanisms underlie different forms of asthma, rhinitis, and COPD.

Conclusions:

  • The review emphasizes the interconnectedness of upper and lower airway inflammation in respiratory diseases.
  • Mast cells and leukocytes have complex roles, contributing to both disease symptoms and host defense.
  • Understanding these differences is vital for differentiating and treating various airway inflammatory conditions like asthma, rhinitis, and COPD.