Cow's Milk Allergy in Preterm Infant with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Allergology
• Neonatology

Background:

• Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a prevalent condition in infants, often manifesting within the first year of life.
• Symptoms of CMA can involve multiple organ systems, including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and respiratory manifestations.
• Preterm infants, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, are vulnerable to complications from CMA, potentially leading to re-hospitalization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of cow's milk allergy in a preterm infant.
• To highlight the resolution of severe symptoms with dietary intervention.
• To emphasize the diagnostic and management considerations for CMA in vulnerable infant populations.

Main Methods:

• Case report detailing a preterm infant diagnosed with cow's milk allergy.
• Introduction of an extensively hydrolyzed formula as a therapeutic intervention.
• Observation and documentation of symptom resolution following dietary changes.

Main Results:

• The preterm infant presented with rectal bleeding and respiratory symptoms attributed to cow's milk allergy.
• Introduction of an extensively hydrolyzed formula led to the complete resolution of both rectal bleeding and respiratory symptoms.
• Successful management prevented potential re-hospitalization in a preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Conclusions:

• Extensively hydrolyzed formulas can be effective in managing cow's milk allergy in preterm infants.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate dietary management are crucial for preventing severe outcomes and re-hospitalization.
• This case underscores the importance of considering CMA in preterm infants presenting with gastrointestinal and respiratory distress.