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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement Of Neuromagnetic Brain Function In Pre-school Children With Custom Sized MEG
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Lung Function Tests in Preschool Children.

Grazia Fenu1, Claudia Calogero1, Enrico Lombardi1

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, "Anna Meyer" Pediatric University-Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Turkish Thoracic Journal
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New lung function tests overcome challenges in assessing children with asthma. Techniques requiring passive breathing, like the interrupter and forced oscillation techniques, enable spirometry in young children (3-5 years).

Keywords:
Preschoolforced oscillationsinterrupterspecific airway resistancewashout

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Asthma Management

Background:

  • Spirometry is crucial for monitoring and treating childhood asthma.
  • Assessing lung function in preschool children (3-5 years) is challenging due to difficulties with forced expiratory maneuvers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for evaluating lung function in young children with asthma.
  • To highlight techniques that overcome the limitations of traditional spirometry in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses the interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique, which require only tidal breathing.
  • Mentions plethysmography for specific airway resistance and multiple-breath washout for lung clearance index.
  • Notes that these latter techniques are less standardized in preschool children.

Main Results:

  • The interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique facilitate lung function assessment in young children.
  • These methods require minimal cooperation, only normal breathing.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced techniques enable reliable lung function measurement in preschool children with asthma.
  • This improves the monitoring and treatment of asthma in this vulnerable population.