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Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth
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Nutrient sensing, growth and senescence.

Bernadette Carroll1, Viktor I Korolchuk1

  • 1Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, UK.

The FEBS Journal
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, involves nutrient sensing pathways and the mTORC1-autophagy axis. Targeting these pathways may promote senescent cell death for healthy aging.

Keywords:
ageingautophagygrowthmTORC1membrane potentialprimary ciliasenescence

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of aging
  • Tumor suppression

Background:

  • Cell growth relies on mitogenic signals, with nutrient sensing crucial for health and disease.
  • Cellular senescence, a tumor suppressor mechanism, involves irreversible cell cycle exit but remains metabolically active.
  • Senescent cells exhibit pro-growth phenotypes supported by the mTORC1-autophagy signaling axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how nutrient sensing pathways contribute to the development and maintenance of cellular senescence.
  • To discuss targeting nutrient sensing pathways for therapeutic interventions in aging and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of existing literature on cell growth, nutrient sensing, and cellular senescence.
  • Analysis of the role of the mTORC1-autophagy signaling axis in senescent cells.
  • Exploration of potential therapeutic strategies targeting nutrient sensing pathways.

Main Results:

  • Reduced responsiveness in nutrient sensing pathways is linked to human disease and aging.
  • Senescent cells, despite being non-dividing, are metabolically active and influenced by mTORC1-autophagy.
  • Age-related accumulation of senescent cells contributes to decreased organismal fitness.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mTORC1-autophagy regulation in senescence is key to exploring nutrient sensing's role.
  • Targeting nutrient sensing pathways could offer novel approaches for promoting senescent cell clearance.
  • Interventions aimed at senescent cell death may have significant implications for promoting healthy aging.