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Related Concept Videos

Total Voids in Concrete01:12

Total Voids in Concrete

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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
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Female Voiding Dysfunction and Urinary Incontinence.

Amanda Vo1, Stephanie J Kielb1

  • 1Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female voiding dysfunction and incontinence significantly impact quality of life. This review covers epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatments for overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, and fistulas.

Keywords:
Overactive bladder (OAB)Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)Ureterovaginal fistula (UVF)Urge urinary incontinence (UUI)Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF)

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Female voiding dysfunction and incontinence are prevalent conditions.
  • These conditions negatively affect health-related quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of female voiding dysfunction and incontinence.
  • To highlight current understanding of epidemiology, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiology, evaluation, diagnosis, pharmacologic therapies, and surgical treatments.
  • Focus on overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, and urogenital fistulas.

Main Results:

  • Common conditions with significant quality of life impact.
  • Established diagnostic and therapeutic approaches exist.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management strategies are available for female voiding dysfunction and incontinence.
  • Multidisciplinary approach is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.