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Related Concept Videos

Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

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Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
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Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle01:11

Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle

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Archimedes' principle is fundamental in analyzing the buoyant force and stability of floating bodies. In this example, a wooden block with a rectangular section floats in seawater. Based on the block's dimensions, its specific gravity and the specific weight of seawater are used to find the volume of water displaced and the center of buoyancy.
The volume of seawater displaced by the block is determined by first calculating the block's weight. This is done by multiplying the...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
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Bioreactors in solid state fermentation technology: Design, applications and engineering aspects.

Sidharth Arora1, Richa Rani1, Sanjoy Ghosh1

  • 1Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.

Journal of Biotechnology
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) offers advantages over submerged fermentation (SmF), but industrial scale-up is limited by bioreactor design. Research in SSF bioreactors is crucial for broader biotechnological applications.

Keywords:
Bioreactor designHeat and mass transferMathematical modelsMicroorganismSolid-state fermentationSubstrate-support

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemical Engineering

Background:

  • Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) presents numerous advantages over submerged fermentation (SmF).
  • The industrial application of SSF technology is hindered by challenges in bioreactor design and control.
  • Heterogeneity in heat and mass transfer, and aseptic operation are key issues in SSF bioreactor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the state-of-the-art in Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) bioreactors.
  • To focus on bioreactor designs for bioprocess applications, particularly enzyme production.
  • To identify limitations and propose solutions for scalable SSF technology.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of bioreactors based on their mode of operation.
  • Emphasis on design features, operational conditions, productivity, applications, and limitations of various bioreactors.
  • Review and problem-specific presentation of selected mathematical modeling studies.

Main Results:

  • Bioreactors are classified into four categories, detailing their specific attributes.
  • Analysis of how operating conditions impact productivity in different SSF bioreactor designs.
  • Discussion of recent and proposed bioreactor designs for pilot and industrial scales.

Conclusions:

  • Further research and development in SSF bioreactor design are essential for unlocking the full potential of SSF technology.
  • Addressing heterogeneity and aseptic operation through rational design and modeling is key to industrial scale-up.
  • Innovative bioreactor designs are emerging for enhanced efficiency and broader application of SSF.