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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.2K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

37.3K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.3K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

17.1K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
17.1K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

48.8K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
48.8K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

53.2K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
53.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

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Rice Functional Genomics Research: Past Decade and Future.

Yan Li1, Jinghua Xiao1, Lingling Chen1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Molecular Plant
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes 10 years of rice functional genomics, highlighting cloned genes and regulatory networks crucial for improving this staple crop and achieving food security.

Keywords:
Oryza sativafunctional genomicsgene identificationgreen super rice

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Genomics
  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple food for over 3.5 billion people globally.
  • Understanding rice agronomic traits is essential for food security and its role as a model monocotyledonous plant.
  • Significant progress has been made in rice functional genomics, with over 2000 genes cloned and partially characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in rice functional genomics over the past decade.
  • To summarize functional genomics platforms, key genes, and regulatory networks controlling agronomic traits.
  • To discuss newly developed tools for gene identification and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on rice functional genomics.
  • Synthesis of data on cloned genes and their characterized molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of functional genomics platforms and gene identification tools.

Main Results:

  • Over 2000 genes influencing important agronomic traits in rice have been identified and cloned.
  • Partial characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying these traits has been achieved.
  • Advances in functional genomics platforms and gene identification tools have been documented.

Conclusions:

  • Recent achievements in rice functional genomics significantly contribute to the development of "green super rice."
  • Continued research is vital for addressing future challenges and prospects in rice functional genomics.
  • Enhanced understanding of rice genetics will support sustainable agriculture and global food supply.