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A three-dimensional electrochemical paper-based analytical device for low-cost diagnostics.

Meera Punjiya1, Chung Hee Moon, Zimple Matharu

  • 1Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. sameer@ece.tufts.edu.

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This study introduces a novel 3D paper-based analytical device (ePAD) for electrochemical sensing, improving diagnostic accuracy. The innovative design ensures a uniform sensing area, enabling reliable, low-cost point-of-care diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biosensors
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Paper-based microfluidic devices with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are widely used for low-cost point-of-care diagnostics.
  • Conventional designs suffer from variable electroactive sensing areas due to the irregular bottom-SPE surface, impacting reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D paper-based analytical device (ePAD) with a stable and uniform electroactive sensing area.
  • To integrate a custom potentiostat integrated circuit (IC) for a miniaturized, self-contained diagnostic system.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication using wax-printing, screen-printing, and folding in a cleanroom-free process.
  • Development of a 3D fluid reservoir to utilize a uniform top-SPE surface as the sensing area.
  • Integration of a custom CMOS potentiostat IC for electrochemical measurements.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a uniform electroactive sensing area, eliminating the need for dielectric inks.
  • Demonstrated versatility through voltammetric, amperometric, and potentiometric measurements.
  • Successfully measured analytes including dopamine, glucose, and pH.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D ePAD offers a low-cost, versatile, and self-contained system for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • The custom potentiostat IC enables a miniaturized and integrated reader for the device.
  • This approach enhances the reliability and applicability of paper-based electrochemical sensors.