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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

204
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
204
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

300
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
300
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

452
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
452
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

693
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
693
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

671
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
671
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
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Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

James D Gladden1, Antoine H Chaanine1, Margaret M Redfield1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Circulatory Failure, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; email: gladden.james@mayo.edu , chaanine.antoine@mayo.edu , redfield.margaret@mayo.edu.

Annual Review of Medicine
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common, yet its causes, diagnosis, and treatments remain unclear. This review covers HFpEF epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and current therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
cardiomyopathydiastolic heart failurehypertensionpulmonary hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) presents with diverse etiologies and varying ejection fraction (EF).
  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most prevalent form of HF in the community.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding HFpEF pathogenesis, diagnosis, and optimal treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinically focused review of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
  • To summarize current understanding of HFpEF epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical aspects of HFpEF.
  • Synthesis of information on epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • HFpEF is the most common HF type in the community.
  • Uncertainty persists regarding HFpEF pathogenesis and effective therapeutic strategies.
  • No specific therapy has yet proven to improve outcomes for HFpEF.

Conclusions:

  • HFpEF represents a significant clinical challenge due to diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties.
  • Further research into HFpEF pathophysiology is needed to guide the development of effective treatments.
  • A comprehensive understanding of HFpEF is crucial for clinical management.