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Use of CD42b immunohistochemical stain for the detection of Histoplasma

Nam K Ku1, Sheeja T Pullarkat2, Young S Kim3

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
|February 8, 2018
PubMed

Insights

A novel immunohistochemical stain using CD42b/GP1b aids in detecting Histoplasma capsulatum in patient samples. This method shows high positivity, comparable to standard stains, offering a new diagnostic tool for histoplasmosis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Diagnostic Pathology

Background:

  • Histoplasma capsulatum is identified via morphology and special stains like GMS and PAS.
  • Standard diagnostic methods for fungal infections can be time-consuming or require specific expertise.

Observation:

  • An unusual staining pattern was observed for the platelet-associated marker CD42b/GP1b on fungal organisms in pathologic specimens.
  • This marker was unexpectedly found on the surface of Histoplasma organisms.

Findings:

  • A majority of histoplasmosis cases (83%) exhibited positive CD42b/GP1b staining, similar to Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain results.
  • Other platelet markers, Factor VIII and CD61, showed minimal to no expression on the fungi.
  • Homology between fungal and human 14-3-3 proteins, which bind CD42b/GP1b, may explain the observed cross-reactivity.

Implications:

  • CD42b/GP1b immunohistochemistry can serve as an adjunctive tool for detecting Histoplasma organisms.
  • Further research may explore the utility of this marker in differentiating morphologically similar fungi like Blastomyces and Leishmania.
Keywords:
14-3-3 proteinsCD42bFungusGP1bHistoplasmaImmunohistochemistry

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