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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Connective Tissues01:17

Functions of Connective Tissues

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Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

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Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
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The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Changes in dynamic functional connections with aging.

Lixia Tian1, Qizhuo Li1, Chaomurilige Wang1

  • 1School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.

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|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging adults show altered brain connectivity, spending more time in states of weak brain-wide interactions and less time in states of strong sensory-motor and cognitive control network activity. This suggests reduced information transfer efficiency in older individuals.

Keywords:
AmplitudeDynamic functional connectivityFunctional connectivity stateResting state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Static functional connectivity (FC) changes with age are well-documented.
  • However, dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) changes in aging remain underexplored.
  • Understanding these dynamic shifts is crucial for a comprehensive view of brain aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related alterations in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) using resting-state fMRI.
  • To analyze changes in brain states, dwell times, and FC fluctuation metrics with increasing age.
  • To explore the implications of these dFC changes for information transfer efficiency in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state fMRI data from 61 healthy adults (30-85 years) were analyzed.
  • Time-resolved functional connections (FCs) were computed using sliding-window correlation.
  • K-means clustering identified distinct FC states; age correlations were performed on dwell times and FC fluctuation metrics (variability and amplitude).

Main Results:

  • Older adults spent more time in low-interaction brain states and less time in high-interaction sensory-motor and cognitive control network states.
  • Significant negative correlations were found between age and the amplitude of FC fluctuations globally and regionally.
  • Variability of FC time-series showed weaker correlations with age.

Conclusions:

  • Aging is associated with a shift towards weaker overall brain interactions and reduced dynamic range of functional connectivity.
  • Declines in the amplitude of FC fluctuations may explain widespread static FC decreases observed in aging.
  • Dynamic FC analysis offers valuable insights into age-related neurological and psychiatric disorders.