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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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Determining Biogenic Content of Biogas by Measuring Stable Isotopologues 12CH₄, 13CH₄, and CH₃D with a Mid-Infrared

Teemu Kääriäinen1, Craig A Richmond2, Albert Manninen3

  • 1VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Vuorimiehentie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland. teemu.kaariainen@vtt.fi.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 8, 2018
PubMed

Keywords:
biogasbiogenic determinationbioprocess monitoringdirect absorptionlaser-based sensorsstable isotopologues

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