Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Shared decision-making for lung cancer screening in a pre-implementation context: A mixed-methods study.

Patient education and counseling·2026

Same author

Vulnerability, protection and fairness: ethical and regulatory limits in small-N gene therapy trials.

Trials·2026

Same author

Single Treatment of Mature 3D Single-, Dual- and Poly-Species Biofilms Using a Combination Therapy of Phage or Phage-Hetero-Cocktails and Ciprofloxacin.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Why advanced therapy medicinal products struggle in clinical translation: an in-depth analysis of developmental challenges in the EU.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same author

Towards a reference methodology for bacteriophage susceptibility testing - position paper of the EUCAST Phage Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026

Same author

Advancing the systematic implementation of patient experience data in healthcare decision-making: multi-stakeholder insights on barriers, opportunities and policy ways forward.

Health research policy and systems·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

The Magistral Phage.

Jean-Paul Pirnay¹, Gilbert Verbeken², Pieter-Jan Ceyssens³

¹Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium. jean-paul.pirnay@mil.be.

|February 9, 2018

Summary

Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, offer a solution to antibiotic resistance. Belgium is pioneering a new regulatory framework for phage therapy, focusing on custom-made phage medicines prepared by compounding pharmacies.

Keywords:

antibiotic antimicrobial resistance compounding pharmacy magistral preparation personalized medicine phage therapy regulatory framework

More Related Videos

Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems

Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems

Published on: October 14, 2025

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems

Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems

Published on: October 14, 2025

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Scalable High Throughput Selection From Phage-displayed Synthetic Antibody Libraries

Published on: January 17, 2015

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Virology
Pharmacology

Background:

Bacteriophages (phages), natural bacterial predators, have historically regulated bacterial populations.
The escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
Phage therapy presents a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the regulatory challenges hindering the clinical implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine.
To introduce Belgium's innovative legal and regulatory framework for phage therapy.
To highlight the role of magistral preparation in delivering personalized phage medicines.

Main Methods:

Review of existing regulatory landscapes for antimicrobial therapies.
Analysis of Belgium's newly established legal framework for phage therapy.
Description of the magistral preparation process for tailor-made phage medicines.

Main Results:

Belgium has implemented a pragmatic framework enabling phage therapy.
This framework prioritizes magistral preparation, allowing for customized phage formulations.
The approach aims to overcome regulatory hurdles for phage therapy adoption.

Conclusions:

Phage therapy, utilizing bacteriophages, offers a viable strategy against antibiotic resistance.
Belgium's regulatory model, centered on compounding pharmacies, facilitates access to personalized phage medicines.
This framework could serve as a blueprint for other nations seeking to integrate phage therapy into mainstream medicine.