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Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

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Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles-Revised

A G Boyle¹, J F Timoney², J R Newton³

¹University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|February 10, 2018

Summary

This updated consensus statement provides current knowledge on strangles in horses, emphasizing disease transmission, diagnosis, and control. It reviews new diagnostic tools and vaccination strategies for effective strangles management and prevention.

Keywords:

Equine infectious upper respiratory disease Guttural pouch Lymphadenopathy Nasal discharge

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Published on: April 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Equine infectious diseases
Veterinary internal medicine
Immunology

Background:

Strangles, caused by *Streptococcus equi* subspecies *equi*, remains a significant concern in equine populations.
Understanding disease transmission, clinical presentations, and host immunity is crucial for effective control.
Previous guidelines require updating to incorporate recent advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated consensus statement on strangles in horses.
To review current knowledge on clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control.
To highlight advancements in diagnostic technologies and vaccination strategies.

Main Methods:

This consensus statement is based on a comprehensive review of published literature and expert opinion.
It synthesizes current knowledge on strangles, including clinical observations and research findings.
New diagnostic techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology, are evaluated.

Main Results:

The statement emphasizes the role of varying clinical presentations, underlying immunity, and carrier states in disease transmission.
It redefines the gold standard for diagnosing strangles and reviews new diagnostic technologies for outbreak control.
Current vaccine technologies and their integration into disease control programs are discussed.

Conclusions:

Judicious antibiotic use in horses with strangles is reiterated.
Linking vaccination with disease control programs is vital for eradicating endemic infections and maintaining herd immunity.
Differentiating immune responses to natural infection versus vaccination is important for accurate assessment.