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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Splicing regulation by long noncoding RNAs.

Natali Romero-Barrios1, Maria Florencia Legascue2, Moussa Benhamed1

  • 1Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Universities Paris-Sud, Evry and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.

Nucleic Acids Research
|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression by influencing mRNA processing and alternative splicing. This review highlights recent findings on how ncRNAs modulate splicing in various biological contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • High-throughput sequencing has identified numerous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNA processing events.
  • Long ncRNAs can function as transcripts or be processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • ncRNAs impact gene regulation through mRNA cleavage, translational repression, and epigenetic modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on the role of ncRNAs in gene regulation.
  • To focus on the modulation of alternative splicing by long and small ncRNAs.
  • To link alternative splicing regulation with ncRNA activity in response to stimuli and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ncRNA function in gene regulation.
  • Synthesis of findings on ncRNA-mediated alternative splicing modulation.

Main Results:

  • Long ncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their critical role in regulating alternative splicing.
  • Both long and small ncRNAs can influence splicing patterns in response to various conditions.
  • ncRNA-mediated splicing regulation is implicated in disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are key regulators of alternative splicing, impacting gene expression.
  • Understanding ncRNA-splicing interactions is crucial for deciphering complex biological processes.
  • This regulatory axis presents potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving aberrant splicing.