Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026
08:24
CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing of Rat Embryos using Adeno-Associated Virus AAV and 2-Cell Embryo Electroporation
Published on: March 15, 2024
2.9K
Minimum echo time PRESS-based proton observed carbon edited (POCE) MRS in rat brain using simultaneous editing and
Chathura Kumaragamage1,2, Dan Madularu3,2,4, Axel P Mathieu3,2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|February 11, 2018
Summary
We developed a novel proton-observed carbon editing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (POCE-MRS) sequence with a short echo time (TE) of 8.1 ms. This new method significantly improves sensitivity and localization for studying brain metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Indirect 13C MRS using proton-observed carbon editing (POCE) is vital for brain metabolism studies.
- Previous POCE-MRS methods faced limitations with longer echo times (TEs), reducing sensitivity.
- Optimizing TE is crucial to minimize signal loss in POCE-MRS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel single-shot PRESS-localized POCE-MRS sequence enabling a theoretically optimal short TE.
- To enhance sensitivity and efficiency in POCE-MRS by reducing echo time.
- To overcome limitations of previous POCE-MRS implementations.
Main Methods:
- Developed a Simultaneous Editing and Localization (SEAL)-PRESS sequence for single-shot PRESS-localized POCE-MRS.
- Evaluated the SEAL-PRESS sequence through simulations, phantom studies, and in vivo dynamic studies in rats.
- Compared the novel sequence against a standard 12.6-ms PRESS-POCE sequence.
Main Results:
- The SEAL-PRESS sequence achieved >95% editing efficiency with an 8.1 ms TE.
- Demonstrated optimal sensitivity and localization for POCE-MRS.
- Showed >17% improvement in signal amplitude for key 13C-labeled metabolites in vivo compared to the previous sequence.
Conclusions:
- Successfully implemented a single-shot PRESS-localized POCE-MRS sequence with an 8.1 ms TE.
- The novel sequence offers optimal sensitivity, editing efficiency, and localization.
- This advancement provides a more powerful tool for in vivo brain metabolism research.
Related Concept Videos
02:23RNA Editing
9.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.9K
01:28CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
2.0K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
2.0K
01:06Echo
1.0K
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
1.0K
01:14The Carbon Cycle
44.2K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
44.2K
01:16Pulse
2.2K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.2K
01:05Pulse
4.2K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
4.2K