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Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications.

Shuai Yuan¹, Liang Feng¹, Kecheng Wang¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|February 13, 2018

Summary

This review explores stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), detailing their design, synthesis, and applications in catalysis and gas storage. It highlights strategies to enhance MOF robustness for advanced functional materials.

Keywords:

heterogeneous catalysts metal-organic frameworks stability structural design

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Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Area of Science:

Materials Science: Focuses on the design, synthesis, and properties of advanced porous materials.
Chemistry: Investigates the chemical stability, catalytic activity, and sensing capabilities of metal-organic frameworks.

Background:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer significant potential in gas storage, separations, catalysis, and sensing.
The widespread application of MOFs is often hindered by their limited stability in demanding chemical environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the field of stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
To elucidate fundamental mechanisms governing MOF stability and explore design and synthesis strategies for robust architectures.
To highlight the expanded applications of stable MOFs in catalysis, gas storage, and sensing.

Main Methods:

Analysis of key factors influencing MOF stability in various chemical conditions.
Review of synthetic strategies, including modulated synthesis and postsynthetic modifications, for creating stable MOFs.
Classification of stable MOFs into high-valency metal-carboxylate and low-valency metal-azolate frameworks.

Main Results:

Identification of critical factors for designing robust MOF structures.
Description of representative stable MOFs, their structures, and properties.
Demonstration of expanded applications for stable MOFs in diverse catalytic processes, gas storage, and sensing technologies.

Conclusions:

Insights into existing stable MOF structures can guide the rational design of new, advanced functional materials.
Enhanced MOF stability is crucial for unlocking their full potential in challenging industrial applications.