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Related Concept Videos

Subcellular Fractionation01:32

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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
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The "center" of a data set is also a way of describing location. The two most widely used measures of the "center" of the data are the mean (average) and the median. The words "mean" and "average" are often used interchangeably. The substitution of one word for the other is common practice. The technical term is "arithmetic mean" and "average" is technically a center location. However, in practice among non-statisticians,...
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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy to Measure Intracellular Zinc Pools in Mammalian Cells
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Sensors for measuring subcellular zinc pools.

Pauline Chabosseau1, Jason Woodier, Rebecca Cheung

  • 1Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. p.chabosseau@imperial.ac.uk g.rutter@imperial.ac.uk.

Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science
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Summary

This study reviews advances in engineering zinc sensors to measure free zinc ions within specific cell parts. These tools help understand zinc

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical research

Background:

  • Zinc homeostasis is crucial for cellular function and implicated in diseases like type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Genetic variants in zinc transporters (e.g., SLC30A8, ZIP12) are linked to conditions such as altered insulin release, type 2 diabetes risk, and pulmonary hypertension.
  • Understanding intracellular free zinc ion dynamics is vital for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent advancements in engineering zinc (Zn2+) probes.
  • To highlight the application of these probes in measuring labile subcellular zinc pools.
  • To explore the utility of these sensors across various cell types and subcellular compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel fluorescent or luminescent sensors for free zinc ions.
  • Targeting engineered sensors to specific subcellular locations (cytosol, ER, secretory granules, Golgi, nucleus, mitochondria).
  • Utilizing these sensors to quantify intracellular free zinc concentrations in different cellular contexts.

Main Results:

  • Engineered Zn2+ probes offer improved sensitivity and specificity for measuring labile zinc.
  • Subcellular targeting allows for regional analysis of zinc dynamics.
  • These probes facilitate the study of zinc's role in diverse cellular processes and disease states.

Conclusions:

  • Recent progress in Zn2+ probe engineering provides powerful tools for investigating cellular zinc homeostasis.
  • These refined sensors enable precise measurement of zinc pools in various subcellular compartments.
  • Understanding subcellular zinc dynamics is key to unraveling its role in health and disease.