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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
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Risk factors for prostate cancer: A multifactorial case-control study.

Saima Shakil Malik1, Rakshanda Batool1, Nosheen Masood1

  • 1Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Current Problems in Cancer
|February 14, 2018
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Summary

Prostate cancer risk in Pakistani men increases with age and smoking. Conversely, consuming fruits, vegetables, and managing diabetes mellitus may lower prostate cancer risk, highlighting the role of diet and lifestyle.

Keywords:
Case-control studyPakistanProstate cancerRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for Pakistani men.
  • Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences.
  • Dietary fat intake is linked to increased prostate cancer mortality globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate risk factors associated with prostate cancer in Pakistani men.
  • To evaluate the impact of lifestyle and dietary habits on prostate cancer incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study involving 896 prostate cancer cases and 900 controls (2010-2015).
  • Statistical analysis using Odds Ratios (OR), 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.
  • Assessment of various factors including age, smoking, diet, diabetes, education, and family history.

Main Results:

  • Increased age (OR=10.6) and smoking (P=0.05) were significantly associated with higher prostate cancer risk.
  • Higher intake of fruits (P=0.0001) and vegetables (P=0.0007), and presence of diabetes mellitus (OR=0.84) were linked to decreased risk.
  • Education, marital status, occupation, meat intake, and family history showed no significant association with prostate cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Age and smoking are identified as key risk factors for prostate cancer in Pakistani men.
  • Dietary phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables, along with diabetes management, may offer protective effects.
  • Further large-scale prospective studies are recommended for more definitive findings.