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Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis
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Human blood MAIT cell subsets defined using MR1 tetramers.

Nicholas A Gherardin1,2, Michael Nt Souter1, Hui-Fern Koay1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.

Immunology and Cell Biology
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are diverse and best identified by MR1 tetramers, not surrogate markers. Their numbers change with age and correlate with other T cell types.

Keywords:
Human immunologyMAITMR1T cellunconventional T cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a significant T cell population in humans, typically identified by non-specific surrogate markers.
  • The advent of MR1-antigen tetramers allows for precise identification of MAIT cells based on T-cell receptor specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of surrogate markers versus MR1 tetramers for MAIT cell identification.
  • To investigate the functional and phenotypic diversity of MAIT cell subsets.
  • To analyze the age-dependent regulation and inter-cell correlations of MAIT cells.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of MAIT cell identification using surrogate markers (TRAV1-2, CD161, IL-18Rα, CD26) and MR1-antigen tetramers.
  • Flow cytometry analysis of cytokine production (IFNγ, TNF, IL-17A, IL-2) by MAIT cell subsets.
  • Longitudinal study of MAIT cell frequencies in humans across different age groups.
  • Correlation analysis with Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and Vδ2+ γδ T cells.

Main Results:

  • Surrogate markers are not always accurate for MAIT cell identification, especially for the CD4+ subset.
  • All MAIT cell subsets produced key cytokines, but CD4+ MAIT cells showed higher IL-2 production.
  • MAIT cell frequencies generally increased from birth to age 25 and declined thereafter, with CD4+ MAIT cells showing a different pattern.
  • MAIT cell frequencies positively correlated with NKT and Vδ2+ γδ T cell frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cells exhibit significant phenotypic and functional diversity.
  • MR1 tetramers provide a more reliable method for identifying MAIT cells than traditional surrogate markers.
  • MAIT cell populations are regulated by age and are associated with other unconventional T cell populations.