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Self-confidence, Overconfidence and Prenatal Testosterone Exposure: Evidence from the Lab.

Patricio S Dalton1, Sayantan Ghosal2

  • 1Economics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
|February 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal testosterone exposure, indicated by the 2D:4D ratio, influences adult confidence. Higher exposure in males correlates with realistic expectations and better financial outcomes, while lower exposure leads to over-confidence and self-defeating behaviors.

Keywords:
2D:4DC91D03D87expectationsgoalsneuroeconomicsoverconfidenceself-confidencetestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Endocrinology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Prenatal hormone exposure is hypothesized to influence adult behavior.
  • Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a commonly used proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure.
  • Confidence and over-confidence in ability can have significant economic consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure and adult confidence levels.
  • To determine if prenatal testosterone exposure predicts over-confidence in one's own abilities.
  • To examine the impact of confidence and over-confidence on financial decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Elicited incentive-compatible measures of confidence and over-confidence in a laboratory setting.
  • Measured the right-hand second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) as a marker for prenatal testosterone exposure.
  • Correlated 2D:4D ratios with measures of confidence and subsequent monetary rewards.

Main Results:

  • Men with higher prenatal testosterone exposure (lower 2D:4D ratio) exhibited less over-confidence.
  • Lower prenatal testosterone exposure (higher 2D:4D ratio) was associated with unrealistically high self-expectations.
  • Over-confidence, linked to lower prenatal testosterone, resulted in self-defeating financial behavior and reduced monetary gains.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal testosterone exposure significantly shapes adult confidence and decision-making.
  • Lower prenatal testosterone exposure in men may lead to detrimental over-confidence.
  • Understanding these hormonal influences can inform strategies for improving financial decision-making.