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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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Published on: July 3, 2025
Tea Polyphenol-Reduced Graphene Oxide Deposition on Titanium Surface Enhances Osteoblast Bioactivity
Mengting Liu1, Liying Hao1, Qian Huang1
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Abstract:
Graphene, a novel carbon-based material, has been widely used as osteogenic agent for the potential effect on the promotion of osteoblast proliferation. Tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide (TPG) is a simple and environmental-friendly raw material to obtain graphene. In this study, TPG was deposited on the Ti substrate to promote the bone regeneration. We prepared a honeycomb-like structure by acid and alkali pretreatment and immobilized the TPG layer (Ti-TPG) on the surface via electrochemical deposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to identify the immobilization of TPG on the titanium (Ti) successfully. Furthermore, the biological response of the Ti-TPG surface to rat osteoblast was evaluated. We also studied the cell adhesion, proliferation and expression of ossification genes on the sample. The results revealed that Ti-TPG had an advantage over Ti alloys in modulating cellular activity and Ti-TPG may be a promising coating for biological materials.
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