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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Acupuncture in a Rat Model of Asthma
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Late-onset asthma: current perspectives.

Tsunahiko Hirano1, Kazuto Matsunaga1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.

Journal of Asthma and Allergy
|February 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late-onset asthma (LOA) management requires distinguishing between T-helper (Th)2 and non-Th2 phenotypes. Early detection of Th2 LOA using biomarkers like fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is crucial for effective treatment.

Keywords:
agingendotypeimmunosenescenceobesityphenotyperhinosinusitis

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Late-onset asthma (LOA) is increasing due to population aging.
  • LOA phenotypes include T-helper (Th)2-associated and non-Th2-associated types.
  • Effective asthma management necessitates distinguishing between clinical phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of LOA for improved diagnosis and treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of differentiating LOA phenotypes for tailored management strategies.
  • To explore the role of age-related immune and structural changes in LOA.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic classification of LOA based on eosinophilic inflammation.
  • Assessment of biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) for Th2 inflammation.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in immune function and airway structure.

Main Results:

  • Th2 LOA, particularly when associated with rhinosinusitis, presents with poor initial lung function and frequent exacerbations.
  • Non-Th2 LOA often shows resistance to corticosteroids, necessitating alternative treatments.
  • Age-related immune alterations (e.g., innate immunity, autoimmunity, oxidative stress) and structural changes (e.g., airway hyperresponsiveness, reduced lung function) contribute to LOA pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing between Th2 and non-Th2 LOA phenotypes is essential for effective clinical management.
  • Early identification of Th2 LOA via biomarkers like FeNO is critical.
  • Individualized management of LOA can be achieved by assessing age-related immune and structural changes.