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Molecules and Compounds

Molecules and Compounds

Atoms and Molecules

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

Classification of Elements and Compounds

Classification of Elements and Compounds

Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...

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Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles

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Published on: December 1, 2016

Ru(II) Compounds: Next-Generation Anticancer Metallotherapeutics?

Sreekanth Thota^1,2, Daniel A Rodrigues², Debbie C Crans³

¹National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Av. Brazil 4036, Prédio da Expansão, 8° Andar, Sala 814, Manguinhos , 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

|February 16, 2018

Summary

Ruthenium (Ru) compounds show promise as cancer therapeutics, overcoming resistance to platinum drugs. Research explores their use in diagnostics and treatments, including novel Ru(II) designs and nanomaterial delivery systems.

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Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

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Published on: November 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Oncology
Medicinal Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Metal-based drugs are crucial in oncology, with theranostic agents offering dual diagnostic and therapeutic benefits.
Ruthenium compounds exhibit selective bioactivity and can overcome resistance common with platinum-based therapeutics.
Several ruthenium complexes (NAMI-A, KP1019, KP1339) have advanced to clinical trials, with DW1/2 in preclinical development.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the potential of ruthenium (Ru) compounds as next-generation anticancer agents.
To review strategies for enhancing the delivery and efficacy of Ru-based therapeutics.
To discuss the application of Ru(II) compounds in photodynamic therapy and as protein kinase inhibitors.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on ruthenium-based oncology research.
Analysis of specific ruthenium complexes and their mechanisms of action.
Exploration of nanomaterial encapsulation and photodynamic therapy applications for Ru compounds.

Main Results:

Ruthenium compounds demonstrate selective anticancer activity and potential to overcome drug resistance.
Organometallic Ru(II) compounds like DW1/2 function as protein kinase inhibitors.
Nanomaterial encapsulation improves targeting and delivery of Ru(II) compounds into cancer cells.
Ru(II)-based compounds are effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (TLD-1433 in clinical trials).

Conclusions:

Ruthenium compounds represent a valuable class of anticancer agents with diverse therapeutic applications.
Advanced strategies like nanomaterial delivery and photodynamic therapy enhance the efficacy of ruthenium therapeutics.
Ruthenium-based drugs offer a promising alternative and complementary approach to conventional cancer treatments.