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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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The oral stage is the initial phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, occurring from birth to approximately 12 to 18 months. During this period, the infant's mouth serves as the primary source of pleasure, with actions such as sucking, chewing, biting, and drinking playing a crucial role in reducing tension. These activities are essential not only for nourishment but also for the infant's psychological and emotional satisfaction.
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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide...
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Keeping Pace With Oral Chemotherapy.

Jeanette Barefoot1, Carol S Blecher1

  • 1Trinitas Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elizabeth, NJ.

Journal of Oncology Practice
|February 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a program to improve oral chemotherapy adherence by focusing on patient education, communication, and follow-up. The program aims to enhance safety and treatment effectiveness in oncology care.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Patient Care

Background:

  • Oral chemotherapy offers convenience but presents risks like dosing errors and nonadherence.
  • Patient adherence to oral chemotherapy, particularly hormonal therapy, declines significantly over time.
  • Current models place substantial responsibility on patients, impacting treatment control and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a program to promote adherence to oral anticancer protocols.
  • To address identified risks and challenges associated with oral chemotherapy regimens.
  • To enhance patient safety and treatment effectiveness in the context of evolving oncology practices.

Main Methods:

  • A proactive, team-focused approach involving physicians, nurses, and pharmacists.

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  • Implementation of an in-depth educational component, including printed materials and pillboxes.
  • Structured follow-up protocols, including weekly and monthly telephone interventions.
  • Emphasis on clear communication, utilizing translation services and addressing financial barriers.

    • Main Results:

    • The program's in-service training is now part of new employee orientation.
    • Increased physician adoption and recognition from external bodies like the Oncology Roundtable.
    • The program's model is being used to educate other healthcare professionals on oral agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Combining safeguards, patient education, and intensive follow-up maximizes oral chemotherapy safety and effectiveness.
    • The program adapts to the rapid changes in modern oncology practice.
    • Effective checks and balances are crucial for successful oral chemotherapy management.