Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

4.6K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.6K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

2.9K
2.9K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

3.3K
Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
3.3K
Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

889
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
889
Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

503
A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
503

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison between the childbirth subcomponent of the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale-Revised (TPDS-R) and the Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS).

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Premature Rupture of Membranes after Serial Amnioinfusions in Fetuses with Early Anhydramnios due to Severe Renal Disease/Lower Urinary Obstruction.

Fetal diagnosis and therapy·2026
Same author

The genetic landscape of human functional brain connectivity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Rare-variant aggregation highlights disease-linked genes associated with brain volume variation.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

The Poverty Ecosystem Framework: An integrative review of candidate mechanisms underlying the effects of poverty on neurocognitive development in the first 1000 days of life.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Maternal technoference decreases brain-to-brain synchrony during mother-infant interaction.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Progenitor-derived Oligodendrocyte Culture System from Human Fetal Brain
14:26

Progenitor-derived Oligodendrocyte Culture System from Human Fetal Brain

Published on: December 20, 2012

15.4K

Hubs in the human fetal brain network.

Marion I van den Heuvel1, Elise Turk2, Janessa H Manning3

  • 1Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Key brain hubs emerge before birth, particularly in visual and motor regions. These emerging neural hubs are crucial for fetal brain network organization and communication.

Keywords:
Brain networksDevelopmentFetusFunctional connectivityHubsPrenatal

More Related Videos

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.6K
Zika Virus Infection of Cultured Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells for Immunocytochemical Analysis
10:27

Zika Virus Infection of Cultured Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells for Immunocytochemical Analysis

Published on: February 5, 2018

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Progenitor-derived Oligodendrocyte Culture System from Human Fetal Brain
14:26

Progenitor-derived Oligodendrocyte Culture System from Human Fetal Brain

Published on: December 20, 2012

15.4K
Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.6K
Zika Virus Infection of Cultured Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells for Immunocytochemical Analysis
10:27

Zika Virus Infection of Cultured Human Fetal Brain Neural Stem Cells for Immunocytochemical Analysis

Published on: February 5, 2018

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Advanced neuroimaging and network analyses reveal critical brain regions, known as hubs, in adult brain architecture.
  • The developmental emergence of these neural hubs in utero remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and location of neural hubs in the developing human fetal brain.
  • To understand the early organization of functional brain networks before birth.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fetal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 105 fetuses.
  • Constructed brain connectivity matrices for 197 discrete brain regions to analyze network organization.
  • Employed computational node deletion to assess the functional significance of identified hubs.

Main Results:

  • Identified emerging key hubs in the functional organization of the human fetal brain.
  • Discovered hub regions in visual and motor areas, notably within the cerebellum, consistent with infant studies.
  • Found evidence of network hubs in association cortex, including areas analogous to adult fusiform and Wernicke's areas.
  • Demonstrated that removing hub nodes significantly decreased global network efficiency more than removing random nodes (p < .001).

Conclusions:

  • The human fetal brain exhibits significant network hubs in both primary and association cortical regions prior to birth.
  • These pre-birth hubs are vital for facilitating brain network communication.
  • Emerging fetal hubs may represent critical points of vulnerability during prenatal brain development.