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Phase-coexisting patterns, horizontal segregation, and controlled convection in vertically vibrated binary granular

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Experiments with vertically vibrated binary granular mixtures reveal coexisting synchronous and asynchronous states. Particle segregation drives these complex patterns, offering insights into granular dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Granular Materials

Background:

  • Vertically vibrated granular materials exhibit complex emergent behaviors.
  • Binary granular mixtures can display phase separation and pattern formation.
  • Hele-Show cells provide a confined geometry for studying granular dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coexistence of synchronous and asynchronous states in vertically vibrated binary granular mixtures.
  • To identify the underlying mechanisms driving pattern formation and segregation.
  • To map the phase diagram of observed patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup using a Hele-Shaw cell with vertically vibrated binary granular mixtures (glass and steel balls).
  • Systematic variation of shaking acceleration (Γ) and total layer height (F).
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to reproduce experimental observations and phase diagrams.

Main Results:

  • Observed coexistence of granular gas with bouncing bed, undulatory waves, and Leidenfrost-like states.
  • Horizontal segregation of heavier and lighter particles identified as the progenitor of phase-coexisting patterns.
  • Discovery of a partial convection state with coexisting convection rolls and Leidenfrost-like states at strong shaking.
  • Demonstrated the role of relative number density in controlling buoyancy-driven granular convection.
  • Anisotropic diffusion tensor explains the onset of horizontal segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal segregation of particles is the primary driver for complex coexisting states in vibrated granular mixtures.
  • The phase diagram in the (Γ,F) plane effectively characterizes the emergent patterns.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations accurately replicate experimental findings, validating the model.
  • Relative particle density significantly influences convection patterns, highlighting buoyancy effects.