Perfluorocarbon induces alveolar epithelial cell response through structural and mechanical remodeling

Area of Science:

• Cellular Biophysics
• Biomaterials Science
• Respiratory Physiology

Background:

• Total liquid ventilation uses perfluorocarbons (PFCs), which have different properties than standard cell media.
• Alveolar epithelial cells interact with PFCs, necessitating an understanding of their cellular response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically study the structural and mechanical properties of A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to PFCs.
• To characterize cellular responses including F-actin structure, focal adhesion, glycocalyx, mechanics, and adhesion.

Main Methods:

• Confocal fluorescent microscopy to evaluate F-actin, focal adhesions, and glycocalyx.
• Multiscale magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC) for cell mechanics and adhesion.
• Microrheological models and stochastic multibond deadhesion model for data analysis.

Main Results:

• PFC exposure induced F-actin remodeling, cytoskeleton softening, and weakened cell-matrix adhesion.
• Cellular adjustments included decreased intracellular tension and glycocalyx redistribution.
• Adhesion weakening was quantified, with potential further reduction by surfactant adsorption.

Conclusions:

• PFC exposure triggers significant cellular responses in alveolar epithelial cells.
• These responses are characterized by mechanical softening and reduced adhesion.
• Cells appear to adapt to a decrease in adhesion energy at their surface.