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Polymers02:34

Polymers

41.4K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

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Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.9K

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Polymer Vesicles: Modular Platforms for Cancer Theranostics.

Fangyingkai Wang1, Jiangang Xiao1, Shuai Chen1

  • 1Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modular polymer vesicles offer a promising platform for nanomedicine theranostics, integrating therapeutic and diagnostic functions effectively. These adaptable nanostructures represent a significant advancement over complex, single-purpose designs.

Keywords:
imagingmodular platformspolymer vesiclestheranosticstherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Theranostics, combining therapy and diagnostics, is a rapidly growing field.
  • Polymer vesicles (polymersomes) are emerging as versatile platforms for theranostic applications.
  • Current nanomedicine approaches often lack modularity and integrated functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize theranostic platforms with a focus on modular polymer vesicles.
  • To classify methodologies for designing therapeutic and diagnostic modules within polymersomes.
  • To highlight advanced examples and future prospects of theranostic polymersomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review and classification of design methodologies for therapeutic and diagnostic modules.
  • Analysis of existing theranostic polymer vesicle systems.
  • Discussion of preparation techniques for functionalized polymersomes.

Main Results:

  • Polymer vesicles demonstrate high potential for integrating multiple theranostic functionalities.
  • Modularity in design allows for tailored therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities.
  • Specific examples showcase successful integration and performance of theranostic polymersomes.

Conclusions:

  • Modular theranostic polymer vesicles are highly promising for advanced nanomedicine.
  • Adaptable design principles enhance the performance and applicability of these systems.
  • Future research should focus on readily preparing functionalized, modular theranostic polymersomes.