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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.8K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.7K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

132.2K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
132.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K

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Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal
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Proximity coupling in superconductor-graphene heterostructures.

Gil-Ho Lee1,2, Hu-Jong Lee1

  • 1Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
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Superconductor-graphene heterostructures merge superconductivity and relativity. This review explores graphene Josephson junctions, their properties, fabrication, and potential for topological superconductivity research.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Physics

Background:

  • Graphene possesses unique electronic properties enabling novel quantum phenomena.
  • Superconductivity and relativistic effects can be combined in engineered heterostructures.
  • Graphene-based Josephson junctions are versatile superconducting quantum devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the electronic properties of superconductor-graphene heterostructures.
  • To explore theoretical and experimental advances in graphene Josephson junctions.
  • To discuss prospective research directions, including topological superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of theoretical methods for describing graphene Josephson junctions.
  • Discussion of device fabrication techniques and length scales.
  • Analysis of phase-sensitive properties and quasiparticle transport.

Main Results:

  • Graphene facilitates Josephson coupling with unique phase-sensitive properties.
  • Microscopic transport of correlated quasiparticles via Andreev reflections is detailed.
  • Graphene serves as a tunable platform for studying quantum phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Superconductor-graphene heterostructures offer a promising platform for fundamental physics research.
  • Further investigation into topological superconductivity and non-Abelian physics is warranted.
  • Advances in fabrication and theoretical understanding pave the way for new quantum devices.