Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...

Responses to Gravity and Touch

Responses to Gravity and Touch

Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity

Humoral Immune Responses

Humoral Immune Responses

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026

Same author

Altered neural oscillatory dynamics underlie reduced anticipatory schema use during event segmentation in adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum disorder.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026

Same author

How the influence of cingulate-lingual interactions on event segmentation changes from early to late adolescence.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Negative Feedback Does Not Reverse Observationally Acquired Binding and Retrieval Effects: A Failed Replication.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same author

Learning from feedback is independent from feedback visibility, but supported by aperiodic neural activity.

NeuroImage·2026

Same author

Attribution of Selfhood Based on Simple Behavioral Cues: Toward a Pars-Pro-Toto Account.

Cognitive science·2026

Same journal

Musical training increases anticipatory responding and predictive control in sequence learning.

Psychological research·2026

Same journal

When emotions hurt: negative interpretations of bodily signals and interoceptive difficulties in fibromyalgia.

Psychological research·2026

Same journal

Emotion-specific modality effects in auditory and visual perception of emotion.

Psychological research·2026

Same journal

The effect of retrieval practice on incidental memory is modulated by emotional valence: evidence of ERPs.

Psychological research·2026

Same journal

The length of a piece of string: Where the whole is more than the sum of its constituent parts.

Psychological research·2026

Same journal

The influence of older age, individual differences in cognitive abilities, and state of mind on learning novel categories.

Psychological research·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

Published on: October 28, 2015

Response preparation, response selection difficulty, and response-outcome learning.

Greg Huffman¹, Davood G Gozli², Bernhard Hommel³

¹Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. greg.huffman@mail.utoronto.ca.

Psychological Research

|February 18, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Action control involves anticipating outcomes. Response preparation time, not selection difficulty, influences outcome retrieval, with less preparation enhancing outcome compatibility effects. This impacts understanding of voluntary action control.

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: October 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

Published on: October 28, 2015

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: October 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Motor Control

Background:

Voluntary action control relies on anticipating action outcomes.
Previous research suggested outcome anticipation is intention-based, not stimulus-based.
Response-outcome retrieval effects have been observed with stimulus-based responses, dependent on response selection efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how response selection difficulty and preparation time affect response-outcome retrieval.
To extend findings on response selection efficiency influencing outcome retrieval.
To explore the role of response preparation in action control.

Main Methods:

Participants performed a task requiring spatially corresponding finger responses to onsets.
Response selection difficulty was manipulated within (Experiment 1) and between blocks (Experiment 2).
Response preparation time was manipulated by varying cue-target intervals.

Main Results:

Trial-by-trial response selection difficulty did not affect response-outcome retrieval.
Between-group manipulation of response preparation time influenced outcome retrieval.
Reduced response preparation time led to larger response-outcome compatibility effects.

Conclusions:

Response selection efficiency can influence response-outcome retrieval.
Response preparation level at target presentation is a key factor.
Findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of voluntary action control.