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Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes.

Isao Muraki1, Hiroo Wada2, Takeshi Tanigawa2

  • 1Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Journal of Diabetes Investigation
|February 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly linked to type 2 diabetes. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in these patients, though more research is needed.

Keywords:
Continuous positive airway pressureDiabetesSleep apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes are increasingly recognized as comorbid conditions.
  • A significant overlap exists between OSA and type 2 diabetes populations globally, including in East Asia.
  • Sleep disturbances like snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are associated with diabetes and insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes.
  • To discuss the potential therapeutic role of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in managing type 2 diabetes.
  • To highlight the clinical implications for healthcare professionals managing patients with these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on OSA and type 2 diabetes.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of CPAP on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
  • Examination of the relationship between other sleep disorders and diabetes.

Main Results:

  • OSA is more prevalent in type 2 diabetes patients, and vice versa.
  • CPAP treatment shows promise in improving glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, particularly in obese OSA patients.
  • Snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are linked to diabetes development and insulin resistance modification.

Conclusions:

  • A strong bidirectional association exists between OSA and type 2 diabetes.
  • CPAP may offer therapeutic benefits for comorbid diabetes, but further rigorous studies are essential.
  • Awareness of the OSA-diabetes link is crucial for cardiovascular risk management.