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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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Gap Junctions01:27

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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Gap-enhanced Raman tags for high-contrast sentinel lymph node imaging.

Zhouzhou Bao1, Yuqing Zhang2, Ziyang Tan2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.

Biomaterials
|February 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) offer a promising solution for sentinel lymph node (SLN) imaging. These nanoprobes provide high-contrast, deep imaging and accurate localization, potentially improving cancer staging.

Keywords:
BioimagingLymph nodeNanoprobePlasmonicsSurface enhanced Raman scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is crucial for staging malignant tumors.
  • Current SLN identification methods (blue dyes, radioisotopes, near-infrared fluorescence) have limitations like poor resolution and short retention.
  • There is a need for improved techniques for accurate SLN detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate novel gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) Raman imaging.
  • To assess the efficacy of GERTs in providing high-contrast, deep imaging with long retention times.
  • To demonstrate the potential of GERTs for cost-effective, intraoperative SLN localization.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) as nanoprobes for SLN imaging.
  • Utilizing unique Raman signals for high-contrast and deep imaging.
  • Employing quantitative volumetric Raman imaging (qVRI) for 3D margin analysis.
  • Testing with a cost-effective commercial portable Raman scanner.

Main Results:

  • GERTs exhibit strong Raman enhancement, high photostability, good biocompatibility, and long retention in SLNs.
  • High-contrast and deep SLN Raman imaging was achieved, revealing probe migration dynamics.
  • Quantitative volumetric Raman imaging provided high-resolution 3D SLN margins and probe content variation.
  • SLN detection was feasible using a portable Raman scanner.

Conclusions:

  • GERTs are highly suitable for high-contrast and deep SLN Raman imaging.
  • The developed qVRI method enables detailed 3D analysis of SLNs.
  • GERTs offer a cost-effective and accurate approach for intraoperative SLN detection, with significant clinical translation potential.