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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice
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Exploring autophagy with Gene Ontology.

Paul Denny1, Marc Feuermann2, David P Hill3,4

  • 1a Functional Gene Annotation , Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , London , UK.

Autophagy
|February 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a key cellular recycling process, is now represented in the Gene Ontology (GO). This structured vocabulary enhances data sharing and interpretation for autophagy research, aiding in understanding diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.

Keywords:
Gene OntologyParkinson diseaseannotationautophagybiocurationcurationenrichment analysisnetwork analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process for cellular component recycling and stress response.
  • Dysfunctional autophagy is linked to diseases including neurodegeneration, cardiac conditions, and cancer.
  • Existing knowledge on autophagy requires a computable and shareable format for data analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To represent autophagy within the Gene Ontology (GO) framework.
  • To create and define GO terms relevant to autophagy research.
  • To enable interoperable descriptions and data analysis of autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Developing structured vocabularies for autophagy within the Gene Ontology.
  • Defining new GO terms specific to autophagy mechanisms and functions.
  • Annotating gene products with these new GO terms.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive representation of autophagy in GO has been established.
  • New GO terms facilitate a coherent and interconnected view of autophagy.
  • Gene product annotation with GO terms improves data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The GO representation of autophagy provides a computable and shareable format for research.
  • This structured approach enhances data analysis and interpretation in autophagy studies.
  • It offers significant benefits for understanding autophagy's role in health and disease.