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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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Sex Differences in Atrial Fibrillation.

Jason G Andrade1, Marc W Deyell2, Andrea Y K Lee2

  • 1Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|February 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects men and women differently, impacting prevalence, symptoms, and treatment. This review explores these critical sex-specific disparities in AF care.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Research
  • Clinical Practice

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent, chronic, and progressive cardiac arrhythmia.
  • AF imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems globally.
  • Sex-specific differences are increasingly recognized across cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and elucidate the sex-specific differences in atrial fibrillation.
  • To highlight disparities in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and natural history of AF.
  • To examine sex-based variations in AF management and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on sex differences in AF.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies.
  • Synthesis of current research on pathophysiology and natural history.

Main Results:

  • Women with AF have a lower prevalence but present later and with more severe symptoms.
  • Sex-related differences exist in AF triggers, substrates, and overall disease progression.
  • Women with AF are less likely to receive anticoagulation, rhythm control, or invasive procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex-specific disparities exist in atrial fibrillation across its entire spectrum.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for equitable and effective AF management.
  • Further research is needed to address and mitigate sex-based inequities in AF care.