[Development and application of artificial vertebral body].

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Spinal Surgery

Background:

• Artificial vertebral bodies are used for spinal tumors, tuberculosis, and fractures.
• Current designs include fusion and movable types, each with subtypes and varying stability.
• Diverse materials like metals, ceramics, biomaterials, and polymers are employed, each presenting unique advantages and drawbacks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of artificial vertebral body technology.
• To analyze the pros and cons of different artificial vertebral body types and materials.
• To explore the potential of emerging technologies like 3D printing in spinal implant development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of artificial vertebral body classifications, materials, and applications.
• Analysis of existing research on the performance and limitations of various implant designs.
• Examination of advancements in materials science and manufacturing techniques, including 3D printing.

Main Results:

• Artificial vertebral bodies are categorized into fusion (support-fixed, adjust-fixed, self-fixed) and movable types.
• Material limitations include poor bioactivity in titanium, complex processing for ceramics, low toughness in xenografts, and trade-offs in polymer composites.
• 3D printing offers customization and complex structure fabrication but faces challenges in production time and cost.

Conclusions:

• Despite progress, current artificial vertebral bodies require further optimization to fully meet spinal implant demands.
• Emerging technologies like 3D printing hold significant potential for personalized spinal implants.
• Long-term efficacy and standardization of evaluation remain critical areas for future investigation.