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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Ampullaviridae.

David Prangishvili¹, Mart Krupovic¹, Ictv Report Consortium

¹Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.

The Journal of General Virology

|February 21, 2018

Summary

The Ampullaviridae family comprises unique, champagne bottle-shaped viruses that infect hyperthermophilic archaea. Their distinctive morphology and dsDNA genomes highlight novel aspects of archaeal virology.

Keywords:

Acidianus bottle-shaped virus Ampullaviridae ICTV Report Taxonomy

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Area of Science:

Virology
Archaea Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The family Ampullaviridae contains viruses with linear dsDNA genomes.
These viruses replicate within hyperthermophilic archaea, specifically the genus Acidianus.
Ampullaviridae virions exhibit a unique champagne bottle-shaped morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the taxonomy of the Ampullaviridae family.
To detail the unique characteristics of Ampullaviridae, including morphology and genome replication.

Main Methods:

Review and summarization of the ICTV report on Ampullaviridae taxonomy.
Analysis of existing literature on Ampullaviridae structure and replication.

Main Results:

Ampullaviridae virions possess a champagne bottle shape with a cone-shaped core and an envelope.
The virion base is adorned with 20 filaments.
Genome replication is likely mediated by a virus-encoded protein-primed family B DNA polymerase.

Conclusions:

The unique morphology of Ampullaviridae is unprecedented among viruses infecting bacteria and eukaryotes.
Ampullaviridae represents a distinct group of archaea-specific virion morphotypes.
This summary provides an overview of the current taxonomic understanding of Ampullaviridae.