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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Quantifying Agonist Activity at G Protein-coupled Receptors
Published on: December 26, 2011
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardiovascular Events: Class Effects versus Individual Patterns
Soo Lim1, Kyoung Min Kim1, Michael A Nauck2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
Abstract:
Several new glucose-lowering medications have been approved, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Among GLP-1RAs, lixisenatide, a short-acting drug, did not show cardiovascular (CV) benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and acute coronary syndrome. Extended-release exenatide was also not significantly better for CV outcomes. By contrast, once daily liraglutide and once weekly semaglutide, both long-acting GLP-1RAs, decreased the incidence of major adverse CV events and mortality. This Review attempts to explain favorable CV results with some, but not all, GLP-1RAs, to aid in their differential prescription with the aim of further reducing the adverse CV burden of T2D.
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