Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Evaluating Leaf Responses to Microbial Secondary Metabolites Using A High-Throughput Format
05:51

Evaluating Leaf Responses to Microbial Secondary Metabolites Using A High-Throughput Format

Published on: December 5, 2025

512

[PARTICIPATION OF AROMATIC MICROBIAL METABOLITES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEVERE INFECTION AND SEPSIS.]

N V Beloborodova, V V Moroz, A Yu Bedova

    Anesteziologiia I Reanimatologiia
    |February 22, 2018
    PubMed

    Insights

    Microbial metabolites like phenylcarbinol acids (PCA) increase with infection severity in critically ill patients. These PCA compounds suppress neutrophil phagocytic activity, impairing the immune response to bacterial infections.

    Area of Science:

    • * Immunology
    • * Critical Care Medicine
    • * Microbiology

    Background:

    • * Sepsis and generalized infections are significant risks for critically ill patients.
    • * Neutrophil dysfunction is a key factor in infectious complications and sepsis development.
    • * Microbial metabolites, particularly aromatic compounds like phenylcarbinol acids (PCA), are hypothesized to cause immunosuppression by inhibiting neutrophil function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate the relationship between PCA levels and the severity of bacterial infections.
    • * To evaluate the impact of PCA on neutrophil phagocytic activity in vitro.

    Main Methods:

    • * Serum PCA levels were analyzed in patients (n=57) with bacterial infections and healthy donors (n=72) using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID).
    • * Severity was assessed using APACHE II and SOFA scores.
    • * In vitro experiments assessed the effect of clinically relevant PCA concentrations on neutrophil phagocytic activity.

    Main Results:

    • * PCA levels (including phenylacetic, phenyllactic, hydroxyphenylacetic, and hydroxyphenyllactic acids) were significantly higher in infected patients than in healthy donors, correlating directly with infection severity (APACHE II, SOFA scores).
    • * In vitro, PCA compounds (PAA, p-HPAA, PLA) reduced the number of phagocytic neutrophils by an average of 11%.
    • * PCA compounds (p-HPAA, PLA, p-HPLA) significantly reduced neutrophil absorption capacity by an average of 26%.

    Conclusions:

    • * Blood serum levels of phenolcarbonic acids serve as an indicator of bacterial inflammatory process severity.
    • * In vitro, PCA at clinically relevant concentrations demonstrably suppresses neutrophil phagocytic activity, contributing to immune suppression in severe infections.

    More Related Videos

    Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression07:30

    Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

    Published on: June 15, 2019

    10.6K
    Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies07:34

    Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

    Published on: April 11, 2012

    20.1K

    Related Concept Videos

    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

    Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

    Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
    In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
    2.8K
    Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

    Aromatic Compounds: Overview

    In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
    In 1825, Faraday isolated...
    14.4K
    Basicity of Aromatic Amines01:18

    Basicity of Aromatic Amines

    The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
    8.1K
    Microbial Morphologies01:29

    Microbial Morphologies

    Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
    4.2K
    Microbial Fermentation01:23

    Microbial Fermentation

    Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
    1.6K
    Microbial Nutrition01:28

    Microbial Nutrition

    Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
    1.5K