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Pathogen spillover during land conversion.

Christina L Faust1,2,3, Hamish I McCallum4, Laura S P Bloomfield5

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Montana, MT, USA.

Ecology Letters
|February 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogen spillover risk from wildlife to humans is highest with intermediate habitat loss. This finding offers crucial guidance for conservation and public health policy to prevent future epidemics.

Keywords:
emerging infectious diseasesinterspecies transmissionland use and land cover change

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Epidemiology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Pathogen spillover between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans drives global epidemics and pandemics.
  • Anthropogenic land conversion is a known factor in pathogen emergence, but a unifying framework is missing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general framework for understanding pathogen transmission dynamics during land conversion.
  • To quantify infection risk across landscapes with varying degrees of habitat alteration.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-host model simulating pathogen transmission between species in intact and converted habitats.
  • Analysis of how interspecies contacts and host populations change with land conversion proportions.

Main Results:

  • The highest risk of pathogen spillover occurs at intermediate levels of habitat loss.
  • The largest, though rarest, epidemic events are associated with extreme levels of land conversion.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework elucidates mechanisms driving disease emergence and spillover during land conversion.
  • Identifying intermediate habitat loss as a peak spillover risk period informs conservation and public health strategies.