Hepatitis E virus - key points for the clinical haematologist

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was historically viewed as an acute hepatitis from contaminated water in areas with poor sanitation.
• Recent understanding reveals HEV is endemic in Europe, likely with zoonotic origins, and can be transmitted via blood transfusions.
• The risk of HEV infection from food sources remains a concern, particularly for hematology patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide clinical hematologists with essential knowledge for diagnosing HEV infection.
• To assist in making informed decisions regarding patient management for HEV.
• To offer guidance on addressing patient concerns about HEV acquisition risks and mitigation.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing current knowledge on HEV epidemiology and clinical features.
• It draws upon recent evidence regarding HEV transmission routes, including zoonotic and transfusion-related pathways.
• Information is compiled to support clinical decision-making and patient education.

Main Results:

• HEV is no longer solely associated with waterborne outbreaks but is endemic in Europe with probable zoonotic origins.
• Transfusion transmission of HEV has been documented, leading to blood donor screening in some regions.
• Foodborne transmission remains a potential risk, especially for immunocompromised individuals.

Conclusions:

• Clinical hematologists require updated knowledge on HEV's evolving epidemiology and transmission.
• Effective diagnosis and management strategies are crucial for patients at risk of HEV infection.
• Educating patients on risks and mitigation, particularly concerning food consumption, is important.