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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Related Experiment Video

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Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Aging and anatomical variations in lung tissue stiffness.

Delphine Sicard1, Andrew J Haak1, Kyoung Moo Choi1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
|February 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Human lung tissue stiffens with age, particularly in blood vessels, impacting lung function. Cellular changes like increased matrix deposition may drive this age-related stiffening.

Keywords:
AFMelastic modulusextracellular matrixpulmonary

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary mechanics
  • Biomaterials science
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Lung function relies on mechanical properties of airways, parenchyma, and vasculature.
  • Age-related changes in lung tissue mechanics are not well understood.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for addressing impaired lung function in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize age-related variations in human lung tissue mechanical properties.
  • To investigate cellular mechanisms contributing to age-related stiffening.
  • To correlate tissue mechanics with cellular behavior in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic force microscopy microindentation of human lung tissue from 11- to 60-year-old subjects.
  • Measurement of elastic modulus across different lung compartments (airways, parenchyma, vessels).
  • Analysis of primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells for mechanical properties, traction forces, and extracellular matrix deposition.

Main Results:

  • Significant anatomical variations in elastic modulus were observed: airways were stiffest, parenchyma most compliant.
  • Lung tissue, especially vessels, showed increased stiffness with age (11-30 vs. 41-60 years).
  • Vascular stiffening was most pronounced, with increased cellular traction forces and extracellular matrix deposition in older subjects, despite unchanged cell mechanics.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related stiffening of lung tissue, particularly vessels, contributes to impaired lung function.
  • Increased extracellular matrix deposition and cellular traction forces in smooth muscle cells are potential mechanisms for vascular stiffening.
  • Studying human lung cells and tissues across the aging spectrum can reveal mechanisms of mechanical remodeling.