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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

Resistance

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Australia, 1998-2012.

J R Francis1, P Manchikanti2, C C Blyth3

  • 1Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|February 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is uncommon in Australia, with 244 cases diagnosed between 1998-2012. Treatment success was 81%, but poorer outcomes were observed in patients from Papua New Guinea.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis remains a global health concern.
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) presents unique treatment challenges.
  • Understanding MDR-TB epidemiology in specific regions is crucial for effective control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiology and outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) diagnosed in Australia from 1998 to 2012.
  • To identify factors associated with treatment success or failure in MDR-TB patients.
  • To inform public health strategies for MDR-TB prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of laboratory-confirmed MDR-TB cases notified in Australia.
  • Analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory features.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes using World Health Organization definitions.

Main Results:

  • 244 cases of MDR-TB were diagnosed, representing 1.4% of all TB cases.
  • Treatment success was achieved in 81% of patients with available outcome data.
  • Patients born in Papua New Guinea had lower treatment success rates.

Conclusions:

  • MDR-TB is infrequent in Australia.
  • Cross-border management of MDR-TB, particularly for patients from Papua New Guinea, poses challenges.
  • Australia plays a role in regional MDR-TB prevention and management.