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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

14.4K
The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
For instance, the range rule of thumb can be used to find the tallest and the shortest student in a class, given the mean student height and standard deviation. If the mean student height is 1.6 m and the standard deviation, s is 0.05 m, the height...
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Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
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Ultrafast optical ranging using microresonator soliton frequency combs.

P Trocha1, M Karpov2, D Ganin1

  • 1Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 24, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrated silicon nitride microresonators enable compact, high-performance optical frequency comb ranging systems. This technology offers ultrafast distance measurements for applications like autonomous driving and industrial sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is crucial in science and industry.
  • Optical frequency combs offer enhanced speed and accuracy in optical ranging.
  • Growing demand for compact ranging systems in industrial sensing, drone navigation, and autonomous driving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate chip-scale ranging systems using integrated soliton Kerr comb generation.
  • To achieve high-performance distance measurements with compact devices.

Main Methods:

  • Soliton Kerr comb generation in integrated silicon nitride microresonators.
  • Dual-comb distance measurements.
  • High-speed acquisition rate measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated dual-comb distance measurements with Allan deviations down to 12 nanometers at 13-microsecond averaging times.
  • Achieved ultrafast ranging at 100 megahertz acquisition rates.
  • Enabled in-flight sampling of projectiles at 150 meters per second.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated soliton Kerr combs offer a viable path to high-performance chip-scale ranging.
  • Combining these systems with nanophotonic phased arrays could lead to compact, ultrafast ranging for mass applications.